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 simulating_patterns_of_change [2020/07/16 00:54]argemiro simulating_patterns_of_change [2020/07/16 01:48]argemiro Both sides previous revision Previous revision 2020/07/16 01:53 argemiro 2020/07/16 01:50 argemiro 2020/07/16 01:48 argemiro 2020/07/16 01:45 argemiro 2020/07/16 01:42 argemiro [Dinamica's Collection of Spatial Patterns of Change] 2020/07/16 01:39 argemiro [Dinamica's Collection of Spatial Patterns of Change] 2020/07/16 01:37 argemiro [Dinamica's Collection of Spatial Patterns of Change] 2020/07/16 01:35 argemiro 2020/07/16 01:18 argemiro 2020/07/16 01:16 argemiro 2020/07/16 01:13 argemiro 2020/07/16 01:01 argemiro 2020/07/16 00:58 argemiro 2020/07/16 00:54 argemiro 2020/07/16 00:54 argemiro 2020/07/16 00:50 argemiro 2020/07/16 00:50 argemiro 2020/07/16 00:45 argemiro 2020/07/16 00:44 argemiro 2020/07/16 00:43 argemiro 2020/07/16 00:31 argemiro 2020/07/16 00:28 argemiro 2020/07/16 00:19 argemiro 2020/07/16 00:18 argemiro 2020/07/16 00:17 argemiro 2020/07/16 00:10 argemiro created Next revision Previous revision 2020/07/16 01:53 argemiro 2020/07/16 01:50 argemiro 2020/07/16 01:48 argemiro 2020/07/16 01:45 argemiro 2020/07/16 01:42 argemiro [Dinamica's Collection of Spatial Patterns of Change] 2020/07/16 01:39 argemiro [Dinamica's Collection of Spatial Patterns of Change] 2020/07/16 01:37 argemiro [Dinamica's Collection of Spatial Patterns of Change] 2020/07/16 01:35 argemiro 2020/07/16 01:18 argemiro 2020/07/16 01:16 argemiro 2020/07/16 01:13 argemiro 2020/07/16 01:01 argemiro 2020/07/16 00:58 argemiro 2020/07/16 00:54 argemiro 2020/07/16 00:54 argemiro 2020/07/16 00:50 argemiro 2020/07/16 00:50 argemiro 2020/07/16 00:45 argemiro 2020/07/16 00:44 argemiro 2020/07/16 00:43 argemiro 2020/07/16 00:31 argemiro 2020/07/16 00:28 argemiro 2020/07/16 00:19 argemiro 2020/07/16 00:18 argemiro 2020/07/16 00:17 argemiro 2020/07/16 00:10 argemiro created Next revision Both sides next revision Line 16: Line 16: \\ \\ \\ \\ - I) The spatial arrangement of the simulated landscape needs to be approximated to the one of the reference landscape by defining the weights of evidence for the modeled transitions and thereby their transition probabilities maps; + I) The spatial arrangement of the simulated landscape needs to be approximated to the one of the reference landscape by defining the weights of evidence for the modeled transitions and thereby their transition probabilities maps (See more at [[tutorial:​building_a_land-use_and_land-cover_change_simulation_model|Building a land-use and land-cover change simulation model]]); \\ \\ \\ \\ - II) The reference landscape structure can be replicated by fine-tuning the parameters of the Dinamica'​s transition functions. ​ + II) The reference landscape structure can be replicated by fine-tuning the parameters of the Dinamica'​s transition functions ​([[patcher|Patcher]] and [[expander|Expander]]). \\ \\ \\ \\ Line 27: Line 27: \\ \\ \\ \\ - <​note>​H0 to H5 are run, for a sole time step, by using a transition matrix 2x2 that models only one transition ​! from class 2 to 1 ! with a rate of 0.01 . The landscape map encompasses a matrix of 1 32 by 1 32 cells and all cells have equivalent spatial transition probability,​ which  means that ancillary variables are not used to influence the cell allocation process;​ + <​note>​H0 to H5 are run, for a sole time step, by using a transition matrix 2x2 that models only one transition ​- from class 2 to 1 - with a rate of 0.01. The landscape map encompasses a matrix of 132 by 132 cells and all cells have equivalent spatial transition probability,​ which  means that ancillary variables are not used to influence the cell allocation process;​ \\ \\ \\ \\ Line 33: Line 33: \\ \\ \\ \\ - **H1:** The allocation process is set to form patches with a patch mean size of five cells, patch size variance is set to zero. Only the Patcher function is used. The Patcher isometry factor is set to zero, which means that the patches tend to be most linear as possible. + **H1:** The allocation process is set to form patches with a patch mean size of five cells, patch size variance is set to zero. Only the [[patcher|Patcher]] function is used. The Patcher isometry factor is set to zero, which means that the patches tend to be most linear as possible. \\ \\ \\ \\ - **H2:** The allocation process is set to form patches with a patch mean size of five cells, patch size variance is set to zero. Only the Patcher function is used. The Patcher isometry factor is set to 1 , the patches still take linear form, although shorter. + **H2:** The allocation process is set to form patches with a patch mean size of five cells, patch size variance is set to zero. Only the [[patcher|Patcher]] function is used. The Patcher isometry factor is set to 1 , the patches still take linear form, although shorter. \\ \\ \\ \\ - **H3:** The allocation process is set to form patches with a patch mean size of five cells,patch size variance is set to zero. Only the Patcher function is used. The Patcher isometry factor is set to 1 .5. Now the patches assume a more isometric form. + **H3:** The allocation process is set to form patches with a patch mean size of five cells,patch size variance is set to zero. Only the [[patcher|Patcher]] function is used. The Patcher isometry factor is set to 1 .5. Now the patches assume a more isometric form. \\ \\ \\ \\ - **H4:** Only the Expander function is used with patch mean size of 1 742 cells, which is tantamount to the expected number of transitions. Patch variance is set to 0. The Expander isometry factor is set to 1 .5. Notice the single patch produced around a cell of class 1 located at the center of the map. + **H4:** Only the Expander function is used with patch mean size of 1 742 cells, which is tantamount to the expected number of transitions. Patch variance is set to 0. The [[expander|Expander]]) isometry factor is set to 1 .5. Notice the single patch produced around a cell of class 1 located at the center of the map. \\ \\ \\ \\ - **H5:** The transition functions are used in a combination of 0.8 of Expander and 0.2 of Patcher. Patch mean size is set to 600 with patch size variance of 0. The isometry factor is set to 1 .5. Two more patches are produced around the expanded central cell. + **H5:** The transition functions are used in a combination of 0.8 of [[expander|Expander]] and 0.2 of [[patcher|Patcher]]. Patch mean size is set to 600 with patch size variance of 0. The isometry factor is set to 1 .5. Two more patches are produced around the expanded central cell. \\ \\ \\ \\ - The fractal dimension reveals the patch complexity. It is as a function of inner area in relation to the patch edge and varies from 1 to 2. Therefore, the fractal dimension is affected ​by the patch shape and size (Forman and Godron, 1 986). According ​to McGarical and Marks (1 995), the patch cohesion index gives an indication of the level of fragmentation of a landscape and thereby the habitat connectivity,​ thus large cohesion index indicates less fragmentation. In turn, the nearest neighbor distance shows the dispersion of patches ​in a landscape. Figure 3 shows how these indices vary as a function of the patch mean size set in + The Maps output ​by hypotheses H0 to H5 are showed ​in the figure below: ​ - DINAMICA patcher function. The results of the landscape indices show a predictable behavior, indicating that DINAMICA can be set to replicate the structure of a reference landscape by fine-tuning ​the parameters of its transition functions. + \\ \\ \\ \\ - **H6:** Transitions occur as a function of the spatial probability. DINAMICA sets up a spatial transition probability map for each transition, based on the weights of evidence chosen for specific ranges of each spatial variable stored in the static cube raster dataset. Simulation was run in 1 5 steps, with a rate of 0.005 per step. Only the Patcher function is used with patch mean size of 20 and patch size variance of 0. Patch isometry is equal to 2. Figure 4 depicts the static variable map, the calculated spatial transition probability map, and the simulated landscape. Notice the concentration of changed cells in the higher probability areas at the center of the map. + {{ :patterns_2.png?600 |}} \\ \\ \\ \\ - DINAMICA can perform multiple transitions,​ up to 255 classes ​and 64770 transitions ​(255  ! 255). To test its ability in simulating multiple transitions,​ simulations from H7 to H9 are run for a transition matrix 6 by 6 with 5 transitions. + The fractal dimension reveals the patch complexity. It is as a function of inner area in relation ​to the patch edge and varies from 1 to 2. Therefore, the fractal dimension is affected by the patch shape and size (Forman and Godron, 1986). According ​to McGarical and Marks (1995), the patch cohesion index gives an indication of the level of fragmentation of a landscape and thereby the habitat connectivity,​ thus large cohesion index indicates less fragmentation. \\ \\ \\ \\ - **H7:** There is no spatial arrangement and no patch aggregation. Expander percentage is 0, patch mean size is 1 , and patch size variance is 0. Transitions take place randomly only obeying ​the amounts ​of change set by the transition matrix. Simulations are run for 1 0 time steps. + <​note>​The nearest neighbor distance shows the dispersion ​of patches in a landscape.​ \\ \\ \\ \\ - **H8:** There is no spatial arrangement but patch aggregation. Patch mean size is set to 5, and simulation is run for 1 0 time steps. ​Figure 5 depicts the original landscape map, and the simulated landscapes for H7 and H8. + The next figure shows how these indices vary as a function of the patch mean size set in Dinamica [[patcher|Patcher]] function. The results of the landscape indices show a predictable behavior, indicating that Dinamica can be set to replicate the structure of a reference landscape by fine-tuning the parameters of its transition functions. + \\ + \\ + {{ :​patterns_3.png?​700 |}} + \\ + \\ + **H6:** Transitions occur as a function of the spatial probability. Dinamica sets up a spatial transition probability map for each transition, based on the weights of evidence chosen for specific ranges of each spatial variable stored in the static cube raster dataset. Simulation was run in 1 5 steps, with a rate of 0.005 per step. Only the Patcher function is used with patch mean size of 20 and patch size variance of 0. Patch isometry is equal to 2. + \\ + \\ + The next figure depicts the static variable map, the calculated spatial transition probability map, and the simulated landscape. Notice the concentration of changed cells in the higher probability areas at the center of the map. + \\ + \\ + {{ :​patterns_4.png?​600 |}} + \\ + \\ + Dinamica can perform multiple transitions,​ up to 255 classes and 64770 transitions (255² - 255). To test its ability in simulating multiple transitions,​ simulations from H7 to H9 are run for a transition matrix 6 by 6 with 5 transitions. + \\ + \\ + **H7:** There is no spatial arrangement and no patch aggregation. Expander percentage is 0, patch mean size is 1, and patch size variance is 0. Transitions take place randomly only obeying the amounts of change set by the transition matrix. Simulations are run for 1 0 time steps. + \\ + \\ + **H8:** There is no spatial arrangement but patch aggregation. Patch mean size is set to 5, and simulation is run for 1 0 time steps. ​The next figure ​depicts the original landscape map, and the simulated landscapes for H7 and H8. + \\ + \\ + {{ :​patterns_5.png?​600 |}} \\ \\ \\ \\ Line 67: Line 90: \\ \\ \\ \\ - The B&W maps in Figure ​6 represent the weights of evidence functions, respectively,​ for transitions 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, 1-6. The color map (7) represents the transition probability map for 1-2 computed by integrating the single weights of evidence functions. The last two color maps (8, 9) depict the simulated landscape after 1 and 1 0 iterations. Notice again the concentration of changed cells in the higher transition probability ​areas, + The B&W maps in the Figure ​below represent the weights of evidence functions, respectively,​ for transitions 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, 1-6. The color map (7) represents the transition probability map for 1-2 computed by integrating the single weights of evidence functions. The last two color maps (8, 9) depict the simulated landscape after 1 and 1 0 iterations. ​ + \\ + \\ + Notice again the concentration of changed cells in the higher transition probability ​area.​ + \\ + \\ + {{ :​patterns_6.png?​700 |}} + \\ + \\ ​These examples presented are only a small set of possibilities;​ they aimed to show how Dinamica can be adapted to replicate various dynamic phenomena. ​ ​These examples presented are only a small set of possibilities;​ they aimed to show how Dinamica can be adapted to replicate various dynamic phenomena. ​ === References === === References === + Soares-Filho et al, 2003. Simulating the spatial patterns of change through the use of the DINAMICA model. Anais XI SBSR. \\ + [[http://​citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/​viewdoc/​download?​doi=10.1.1.4.9617&​rep=rep1&​type=pdf]] + \\ + \\ + Wu, Jianguo. (2013). Landscape Ecology. 10.1007/​978-1-4614-5755-8_11. ​ + \\ + \\ +